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Glossary Of Printing Terms [23]

G Galley Proof In printing and publishing, proofs are the preliminary versions of publications meant for review by authors, editors, and proofreaders, often with extra-wide margins. Gallery proofs may be uncut and unbound, or in some cases electronically published. They are created for proofreading and copyediting purposes, but may be used for promotional and review purposes also
Gamut In color reproduction, the gamut, or color gamut, is a certain complete subset of colors. The most common usage refers to the subset of colors which can be accurately represented in a given circumstance, such as within a given color space or by a certain output device. Another sense, less frequently used but not less correct, refers to the complete set of colors found within an image at a given time
Gang Run Printing A printing method in which multiple printing projects are placed on a common paper sheet in an effort to reduce printing costs and paper waste. Printers use the term "gang run" or "gang" to describe the practice of placing many print projects on the same sheet or piggybacking a project on a vacant, unused portion of a print sheet.
Gate fold A sheet that folds where both sides fold toward the gutter in overlapping layers.
Ghost Halftone Normal halftone with reduced density in order to produce a very faint image.
Ghosting An offset printing defect produced in one of two ways, in which faint replicas of printed images appear in undesirable places.
Gloss Reflectivity of light on aprinted surface.
Gloss Ink A variety of printing ink produced with an additional quantity of varnish that allows the ink to dry with a highly glossy finish, typically by oxidation and polymerization.
Grade The term used to differentiate between printing paper thicknesses, finish, class, category or rating.
Graduated Screen Tint Screen tint that changes densities gradually and smoothly, not in distinct steps. Also called degrade, gradient, ramped screen and vignette.
Grain Direction A predominant direction in which fibers in paper become aligned during manufacturing. Also called machine direction.
Grain Long Paper A sheet of paper having its grain direction parallel to the longer sheet dimension. (Paper with its grain direction parallel to the shorter dimension of the sheet is called short-grain.) Whether a paper is long-grain or short-grain is an important consideration in many printing processes, as the grain direction affects printability and runnability, especially in connection with sheet strength and dimensional stability.
Grammage A term used in the pulp and paper industry and also for fabric industry to denote a measure of mass of the product per unit of area. Grammage is expressed in grams per square meter (g/m2).
Graphic Arts A category of fine art, graphic art covers a broad range of visual artistic expression, typically two-dimensional. The term usually refers to the arts that rely more on line or tone than on color, especially drawing and the various forms of engraving. It is sometimes understood to refer specifically to printmaking processes, such as line engraving, aquatint, drypoint, etching, mezzotint, monotype, lithography, and screen printing (silk-screen, serigraphy). Graphic art further includes calligraphy, photography, painting, typography, computer graphics, and bindery. It also encompasses drawn plans and layouts for interior and architectural designs.
Graphics Visual images or designs on some surface, such as a wall, canvas, screen, paper, or stone to inform, illustrate, or entertain. In contemporary usage it includes: pictorial representation of data, as in computer-aided design and manufacture, in typesetting and the graphic arts, and in educational and recreational software. Images that are generated by a computer are called computer graphics. Examples are photographs, drawings, Line art, graphs, diagrams, typography, numbers, symbols, geometric designs, maps, engineering drawings, or other images. Graphics often combine text, illustration, and color.
Gravure A type of intaglio printing process, which involves engraving the image onto an image carrier. In gravure printing, the image is engraved onto a cylinder because, like offset printing and flexography, it uses a rotary printing press. Once a staple of newspaper photo features, the rotogravure process is still used for commercial printing of magazines, postcards, and corrugated (cardboard) and other product packaging.
Gray Balance Another term for color balance. In photography and image processing, it is the global adjustment of the intensities of the colors (typically red, green, and blue primary colors). An important goal of this adjustment is to render specific colors – particularly neutral colors – correctly. Color balance changes the overall mixture of colors in an image and is used for color correction. Generalized versions of color balance are used to correct colors other than neutrals or to deliberately change them for effect.
Gray Component Replacement Computer-supported color separation process that replaces with black ink a colored ink that was initially used to create gray tones. With GCR, the use of black ink instead of a third color creates a sharper, less washed-out image. It is also easier to reach, through trial-and-error, the right amount of black ink needed, because a bit too little or too much of black ink won’t change the color of an image the way that a third primary color will. Black only changes the lightness or darkness of the image.
Grind Edge An alternate term for binding edge when referring to perfect bound products.
Grind-Off the area which runs along the spine of each section (signature) of a perfect bound book which is removed after being gathered to allow the glue to penetrate every leaf.
Gripper In printing, one of a number of fingerlike devices for gripping a sheet and transferring it to or from the printing surface.
Groundwood Wood that has been mechanically ground for pulp or direct use to produce certain kinds of paper or board.
Gutter In typography, the space between columns of printed text, including the gap between facing pages.